Unyango lwamanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso olungenakukhutshwa yi-zero luyinjongo ebalulekileyo kwicandelo lokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ngeendlela zobugcisa zokufezekisa unyango olufanelekileyo lwamanzi amdaka kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ukunciphisa ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, ukukhuselwa kwezixhobo zamanzi kubaluleke kakhulu. Ndiza kwazisa iindlela ezininzi eziphambili zonyango lwamanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso olungenakukhutshwa yi-zero.
Okokuqala, iteknoloji yonyango lomzimba yenye yeendlela ezibalulekileyo zokufezekisa ukungabikho kokukhupha amanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso. Phakathi kwazo, iteknoloji yokwahlula i-membrane yindlela yonyango lomzimba esebenzayo neyonga amandla. Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ze-membrane ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo bee-pore, izinto eziyingozi kunye nee-ion zesinyithi ezinzima emanzini amdaka zahlulwe ngempumelelo ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokucocwa kwamanzi. Iteknoloji yokucoca i-dual-membrane, oko kukuthi inkqubo yokudibanisa i-ultrafiltration membrane kunye ne-reverse osmosis membrane, yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezisetyenziswayo kwiteknoloji yokwahlula i-membrane. Le teknoloji inokufezekisa ukuhluzwa kwamanzi amdaka amaninzi, isuse izinto ezinobungozi, kwaye isebenzise kwakhona ngokuchanekileyo amanzi amdaka ukuze kufezekiswe ukungabikho kokukhupha.
Okwesibini, iteknoloji yonyango lweekhemikhali ikwayindlela ebalulekileyo yokufezekisa ukungabikho kokukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso. Iteknoloji yeRedox iguqula ukungcola emanzini amdaka kube zizinto ezingenabungozi nezingenabungozi ngokusebenzisa iikhemikhali, ngaloo ndlela ifezekisa unyango olunzulu lwamanzi amdaka. Iteknoloji eziphambili ze-oxidation, ezifana ne-Fenton oxidation kunye ne-ozone oxidation, zinokususa ngokufanelekileyo izinto eziphilayo ezinzima ukubola emanzini amdaka kwaye ziphucule i-biochemistry yamanzi amdaka. Ukongeza, indlela yokukhupha iikhemikhali, indlela yokutshintsha ii-ion, njl.njl. nazo ziiteknoloji zonyango lweekhemikhali ezisetyenziswa rhoqo, ezinokususa ii-ion zesinyithi esinzima kunye nezinto ezixhonyiweyo emanzini amdaka.
Iteknoloji yonyango lwebhayoloji yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yonyango lwamanzi amdaka olungenakukhutshwa kwimizi-mveliso. Iteknoloji yonyango lwebhayoloji isebenzisa imetabolism yeentsholongwane ukubola nokuguqula izinto eziphilayo emanzini amdaka. Iteknoloji yonyango lwebhayoloji eqhelekileyo ibandakanya udaka olusebenzayo, i-biofilm, kunye nokugaya ukutya okungena-anaerobic. Ezi teknoloji zinokususa ngokufanelekileyo ukungcola kwendalo emanzini amdaka, zinciphise imfuno ye-oxygen (BOD) kunye nemfuno ye-oxygen (COD) yamanzi amdaka, kwaye zifezekise unyango olungenabungozi lwamanzi amdaka.
Ukongeza kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zobuchwepheshe ezingentla, kukho ezinye iiteknoloji ezintsha ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunyangweni kwamanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso ukuze kungabikho kukhutshwa kwamanzi. Umzekelo, iteknoloji yokwenza i-evaporation crystallization ifezekisa ukwahlulwa kwamanzi amdaka ngolwelo oluqinileyo ngokuwakhupha amanzi emanzini amdaka ukuze iityuwa ezinyibilikisiweyo kuwo zikhanye kwaye ziphume. Le teknoloji inokususa iityuwa kunye nezinto eziyingozi emanzini amdaka ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ifezekise injongo yokuba kungabikho kukhutshwa kwamanzi.
Ukongeza, iteknoloji yokubuyisa izixhobo ikwayindlela ephambili yokufezekisa ukungabikho kokukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka kunyango lwamanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso. Ngokukhupha nokubuyisela izixhobo eziluncedo emanzini amdaka, akupheleli nje ekuncitshisweni kokukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka, kodwa nokurisayikilisha izixhobo kunokufezekiswa. Umzekelo, ii-ion zesinyithi esinzima kunye nezinto eziphilayo emanzini amdaka zinokufunyanwa kwaye zisetyenziswe ngeendlela ezithile zobugcisa ukufezekisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi amdaka ngendlela efanelekileyo.
Ngamafutshane, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa zokunyanga amanzi amdaka emizi-mveliso ngaphandle kokukhupha amanzi, kuquka iteknoloji yonyango lomzimba, iteknoloji yonyango lwamakhemikhali, iteknoloji yonyango lwebhayoloji kunye neteknoloji yokubuyisela izixhobo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezi teknoloji kufuneka kukhethwe kwaye kuphuculwe ngokwendalo yamanzi amdaka kunye neemfuno zonyango, ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yonyango lwamanzi amdaka olusebenzayo, olugcina amandla nolunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo ngaphandle kokukhupha amanzi. Ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo kunye nobuchule besayensi, kukholelwa ukuba kwixesha elizayo kuya kubakho iindlela zobugcisa eziphucukileyo ezisetyenziswa kwicandelo lonyango lwamanzi amdaka emizi-mveliso, ukukhuthaza isizathu sokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kwinqanaba eliphezulu.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-29-2024