Kule mihla, ulwazi lwabantu ngokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo luya lusanda. Ekubeni ukukhuthazwa kokuba “amanzi acacileyo neentaba eziluhlaza ziintaba zegolide neentaba zesilivere”, unyango olucwangcisiweyo lwenkunkuma yasekhaya kunye nokukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka ngendlela efanelekileyo kuhlala kulawulwa. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo ezininzi zasemaphandleni ezikude, izibonelelo zokuhlala zisemva kakhulu, ngaphandle kwenkxaso yezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zonyango lwamanzi amdaka asemaphandleni, kwaye imeko yazo yococeko imbi kakhulu, ngakumbi ngokubhekiselele kunyango lwamanzi asekhaya, akukho mqobo ulungileyo, nto leyo ebangela isangqa esibi semeko-bume ewohlokayo, uqoqosho olubi, kunye nobomi obubi.
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo zokucoca amanzi amdaka zasemaphandleni, kwaye izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zifanelekile kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
1. Izixhobo zokucoca amanzi amdaka asekhaya
Indle yasekhaya ibhekisa kwindle ekhutshwa kubomi babantu bemihla ngemihla, kuquka indle evela kumakhaya, ezikolweni, ezibhedlele nakwezinye iiyunithi. Kwiindawo zasemaphandleni, ekubeni kungekho mbhobho wamanzi ahambayo, uninzi lwamakhaya lusebenzisa amanzi emithombo okanye amanzi omlambo. Le mithombo yamanzi ngokubanzi ayicocekanga, ngoko ke izixhobo zonyango lwendle yasekhaya zibaluleke kakhulu.
Okwangoku, izixhobo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka asekhaya eziqhelekileyo ziquka: isihluzi sebhayoloji, indawo emanzi eyenziweyo, ichibi elisebenzayo, njl. Ezi zixhobo zidlulisa amanzi amdaka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokucocwa ukuze kususwe ungcoliseko kwaye kuhlambuluke kwaye kungabi nabungozi.
2. Izixhobo zokucoca ilindle lemfuyo
Ishishini lemfuyo neenkukhu zasemaphandleni liyimithombo ebalulekileyo yengeniso kubalimi, kodwa umgquba wemfuyo neenkukhu kunye nomchamo oveliswa ngexesha lenkqubo yokuzalisa ziya kungcolisa okusingqongileyo kwaye zichaphazele kakhulu umgangatho wobomi babemi abangqongileyo. Ke ngoko, izixhobo zokunyanga ilindle lemfuyo neenkukhu nazo ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokunyanga ilindle lasemaphandleni.
Izixhobo zokunyanga amanzi amdaka emfuyo neenkukhu ziquka: izixhobo zokugaya igesi, iindawo ezimanzi ezakhiweyo, ukwahlulwa kwe-membrane, njl. Ezi zixhobo zicubungula umgquba kunye nomchamo wemfuyo ngeendlela ezibonakalayo, iikhemikhali okanye zebhayoloji ukususa ungcoliseko kwaye zizenze zingabi nabungozi kwaye zisetyenziswe.
Kwiindawo zasemaphandleni, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kusencinci kakhulu, kwaye amanzi amdaka amaninzi akhutshelwa ngqo emilanjeni, nto leyo engangcolisi nje kuphela okusingqongileyo, kodwa ikwachaphazela nempilo yabemi basekuhlaleni. Ngoko ke, loluphi uhlobo lwezixhobo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka ezifanelekileyo ngakumbi kwiindawo zasemaphandleni? Masixoxe ngako kunye.
1. Isihluzo sebhayoloji
I-Biofilter sisixhobo esiqhelekileyo sokucoca amanzi amdaka, esiguqula izinto eziphilayo kwi-lindle zibe zizinto ezingaphiliyo ngokubola, ukuze kufezekiswe isiphumo sokucoca umgangatho wamanzi. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izixhobo, ixabiso le-biofilter liphantsi, kwaye neendleko zokugcina ziphantsi. Kwangaxeshanye, amanzi acociweyo angasetyenziselwa ukunkcenkceshela nezinye iinjongo.
2. Imigxobhozo yokwenziwa
Indawo emanzi eyakhiweyo luhlobo lwezixhobo zokunyanga amanzi amdaka ezisekelwe kwinkqubo yendalo yendawo emanzi. Iguqula izinto eziyingozi kwinkunkuma ibe zizinto ezingenabungozi ngokusebenzisa izityalo kunye neentsholongwane, kwaye inokususa ngempumelelo izondlo ezifana ne-nitrogen kunye ne-phosphorus. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izixhobo, iindleko zokwakha indawo emanzi eyenziweyo ziphezulu, kodwa iindleko zokusebenza ziphantsi, kwaye ayifuni ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha, ngoko ke ifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo zasemaphandleni.
3. I-Anaerobic bioreactor
I-Anaerobic bioreactor sisixhobo sokucoca amanzi amdaka esinokwenza iimpembelelo zebhayoloji kwindawo engenaoksijini. Sinokususa ngempumelelo izinto eziphilayo kunye nezondlo ezifana ne-nitrogen kunye ne-phosphorus kwi-lindle. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izixhobo, ixabiso le-anaerobic bioreactor liphezulu, kodwa lithatha indawo encinci kwaye alifuni umbane omkhulu, ngoko ke lifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo zasemaphandleni.
Ngamafutshane, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokunyanga amanzi amdaka zinezibonelelo kunye neengxaki zazo, kwaye eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukukhetha izixhobo ezikufaneleyo. Xa ukhetha izixhobo zokunyanga amanzi amdaka, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ngokupheleleyo ngokwemeko ethile, kubandakanya amandla ezoqoqosho, iimfuno zomgangatho wamanzi, iimfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nezinye izinto. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngeli nqaku, ndingakunika ezinye iireferensi zokwenza umsebenzi wokunyanga amanzi amdaka kwiindawo zasemaphandleni ube lula.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-25-2023