Njengoko sonke sisazi, unyango lwamanzi amdaka asemaphandleni kufuneka ludityaniswe nemeko yokwenyani yokuhlala kwabantu basemaphandleni ukuze kuthathwe indlela yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kunye nolawulo longcoliseko. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zamanzi amdaka asemaphandleni emva konyango oluphakathi kunokunciphisa utyalo-mali lonyango lwamanzi amdaka, kusetyenziswe kwakhona izixhobo zamanzi ezolimo kunye nezinto ze-nitrogen kunye ne-phosphorus, kwaye kusetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo izixhobo zomhlaba zasemaphandleni kunye namandla okucocwa kwamanzi okusingqongileyo. Ngenxa yesidingo esingxamisekileyo sokuphucula imeko yasemaphandleni, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zamanzi amdaka asemaphandleni kuya kuba yinjongo yexesha elide yophuhliso oluzinzileyo lonyango lwamanzi amdaka.
Ukusebenza kwesikhungo kufuneka kukhawuleze kususwe ingcinga yendalo
Okwangoku, unyango lwamanzi amdaka asemaphandleni aseTshayina, ikakhulu kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezidibeneyo + iindlela zendalo, kodwa ukusebenza kwezixhobo akunathemba. Ezinye izibonelelo zonyango zi-"miniaturization" yezityalo zamanzi amdaka zasezidolophini, iindleko zokwakha, zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa ziphezulu, iindawo zasemaphandleni kunzima ukwamkela, kodwa zikwatyeshela ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zamanzi amdaka zasekhaya ukugcina indima yokuchuma komhlaba. Ngenxa yenqanaba elincinci loqoqosho lwasemaphandleni kunye netekhnoloji, inani elikhulu lemisebenzi yonyango lwamanzi amdaka, kangangokuba iindawo ezininzi zezibonelelo zonyango, inethiwekhi yemibhobho ayinakukwazi ukwakha, ayinakukwazi ukuyihlawula, ukungabikho kwabasebenzi abaziingcali nabanobuchwephesha bokulawula. Kwimeko yangoku yokufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini ngokukhawuleza, unyango lwamanzi amdaka asemaphandleni lwasekhaya kufuneka lunciphise iindleko eziphantsi ezifana neziseko zophuhliso kunye neenethiwekhi zemibhobho, ukususa ingcinga yendalo, kunye nokukhuthaza iimodeli ezingabizi kakhulu, ezilula ukuzigcina zonyango oluphakathi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kugxininiswa kwimigangatho yokukhupha
Ngokuphathelele imigangatho yokukhupha umoya ongcolileyo kwiindlela zasemaphandleni zokunyanga amanzi amdaka, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, unyango oluphakathi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kuye kwagxininiswa kancinci kancinci kwimigangatho yokukhupha umoya ongcolileyo. Ngokwezibalo zedatha, isiseko esiqhelekileyo sokusetyenziswa kwemigangatho yezixhobo zonyango yi-GB18918-2002, kodwa ngo-2019, uMphathiswa we-Ecology kunye neNdalo ukhuphe "Izikhokelo zoLungiselelo lweeNkcukacha zoLawulo loKungcoliswa kwamanzi kwiZibonelelo zoNyango lwaManzi amdaka asemaphandleni (zokuphunyezwa kovavanyo)" (Ileta yoMhlaba yeOfisi yezeNdalo 〔2019〕 No. 403), ekhuthaza ukukhethwa okukhethekileyo kwe-nitrogen kunye ne-phosphorus kunye netekhnoloji yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi angasemva. Emva koko, imigangatho yokukhupha umoya ongcolileyo ekhutshwe kumaphondo nakwizixeko nayo iye yanciphisa iinjongo zayo. Unyango oluphakathi lwe-lindle yasekhaya lwasemaphandleni luyagxininiswa kwaye lukhuthazwa ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi, nto leyo ebeka isiseko sokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezilandelayo.
Isikhokelo soPhuhliso lokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zamanzi amdaka kwiindawo ezithile
Umhlaba omanzi okwenziwa ngoku yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu ekucoceni amanzi amdaka asekhaya kwiindawo zasemaphandleni. Ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kokusetyenziswa ngobuchule kwamanzi amdaka asekhaya asemaphandleni eTshayina kusakwinqanaba lomhlaba omanzi okwenziwa, ukuzinzisa ichibi kunye nokucocwa komhlaba okusingqongileyo. Njengoko ungcoliseko lomphezulu wezolimo kuquka amanzi amdaka asekhaya asemaphandleni luye lwaba ngumthombo ophambili wongcoliseko lwasemaphandleni eTshayina, ulawulo lonke lwezitya, ukunciphisa umthombo-ukuthintela-ukubuyiselwa kwezixhobo-indalo kuya kuba yindlela yophuhliso yolawulo lomphezulu wezolimo ulawulo longcoliseko lwemithombo. Ngokufanayo, amanzi amdaka asekhaya asemaphandleni kufuneka asebenzise izixhobo zengingqi. Ukuqinisa umsebenzi wenkonzo yeenkqubo zendalo zasemaphandleni ngokuguqulwa kokwenziwa, ukudibanisa izityalo zonyango lwamanzi amdaka asekhaya asemaphandleni, ezisekelwe kuphela ekunciphiseni izixhobo, kunye nezolimo eziphinda zisetyenziswe, ukwazisa iinkqubo zonyango ezihambelana nemveliso yezolimo, kunye nokunika indima epheleleyo kwindima yokulawula, iinkqubo zezolimo ngokwazo zisebenza ngendlela yokuba zinciphise ukuveliswa kunye nokukhutshwa kongcoliseko.
Oku kungasentla kumxholo wonke wale ngxaki, umxholo ongaphezulu nceda uqwalasele ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo lweLiDing kwiphepha elilandelayo. ULi Ding ebezinikele kuphando nophuhliso, ukwakhiwa kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo zamanzi amdaka zasemaphandleni ezidibeneyo kangangeminyaka elishumi. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha obuqhubekayo, sizama ukwenza igalelo elincinci ekuphuculeni okusingqongileyo kwabantu. Izixhobo zonyango lwamanzi amdaka zeLi Ding zokukhusela okusingqongileyo zingasetyenziswa kakuhle kwiindawo ezininzi zasemaphandleni ezisasazwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-19-2024